The One-Year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Program is a professional teacher training course designed for individuals who have already completed a bachelor's degree in any discipline. The program equips aspiring educators with the pedagogical knowledge, teaching methodologies, classroom management skills, and educational psychology needed to become effective teachers.

It typically includes both theoretical coursework and practical teaching experiences (like micro-teaching and practice teaching in schools). The curriculum covers foundational subjects such as educational philosophy, psychology, sociology, curriculum and evaluation, and subject-specific teaching methods.

The primary objective of the One-Year B.Ed. Program is to prepare competent, reflective, and socially responsible teachers for secondary and higher secondary education levels.

Foundation of Education

Unit I: Concept of Education

1.1 Meaning and Definitions of Education

• Derived from Latin words:
  • Educare – to nourish or bring up
  • Educere – to lead out or draw out
  • Educatum – the act of teaching or training
• Definitions by prominent thinkers:
  • Swami Vivekananda: "Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man."
  • Mahatma Gandhi: "By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man – body, mind and spirit."
  • John Dewey: "Education is the development of all those capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfill his possibilities."
  • Plato: "Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment."

1.2 Aims of Education

• Individual Aim: Development of inherent abilities
• Social Aim: Prepare an individual for social life
• Vocational Aim: Prepare for a career
• Cultural Aim: Preserve and transmit culture
• Moral Aim: Build character

1.3 Types of Education

1. Formal Education
   • Structured, systematic
   • Conducted in schools and colleges
   • Leads to certification
2. Informal Education
   • Life experiences, family, society
   • No structured curriculum
3. Non-Formal Education
   • Organized but outside the formal system
   • Adult education, skill training programs

Unit II: Philosophical Foundation of Education

2.1 Concept of Educational Philosophy

• Philosophy is the love of wisdom
• Educational philosophy applies philosophical principles to education
• Helps determine aims, curriculum, teaching methods

2.2 Major Educational Philosophies

1. Idealism
   • Emphasis on mind and spirit
   • Focus on moral and intellectual development
2. Naturalism
   • Nature is the ultimate reality
   • Learning through natural consequences
3. Pragmatism
   • Experience and change are key
   • Education is life and growth
4. Realism
   • Emphasis on the physical world
   • Empirical and scientific knowledge

Unit III: Sociological Foundation of Education

3.1 Concept of Educational Sociology

• Relationship between education and society
• Education as a social institution

3.2 Education and Socialization

• Process of learning norms, values, behavior
• Role of family, school, peers

3.3 Education and Social Change

• Education promotes modernization and development
• Removes social evils and helps in nation-building

Unit IV: Psychological Foundation of Education

4.1 Concept of Educational Psychology

• Application of psychological principles in education
• Understanding learners’ behavior

4.2 Growth and Development

• Physical, intellectual, emotional, social stages
• Importance of age-appropriate teaching

4.3 Learning Theories

1. Behaviorism (Skinner, Pavlov)
   • Learning as a response to stimuli
2. Cognitivism (Piaget, Bruner)
   • Focus on mental processes
3. Constructivism (Vygotsky)
   • Knowledge is constructed by learners